Key Points
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At full retirement age, spousal benefits may be up to 50% of your spouse’s benefit at full retirement age.
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Claiming spousal benefits early may significantly reduce your total lifetime benefits.
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Working before you reach FRA can temporarily reduce any spousal Social Security benefits you receive.
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Whether you’re currently married or divorced from a partner who earns significantly more than you, claiming Social Security spousal benefits may be central to your retirement plans. You can claim spousal benefits as early as 62, but it comes at a price. Before you decide, here’s what you need to know about claiming as early as possible.
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Eligibility
First, check your eligibility. To receive a spousal benefit based on a living spouse’s work record, two conditions must be met:
- You must be at least 62 years old or caring for a child under 16 or a child with disabilities under 19.
- Your spouse must have already filed for their own retirement or disability benefit.
The exception
If you’re divorced, you may be able to claim divorced spouse benefits at 62 even if your former spouse hasn’t claimed Social Security yet. Before filing, though, you’ll need to meet these four conditions:
- You’ve been divorced for at least two years.
- You can prove the marriage lasted at least 10 continuous years.
- You’re unmarried.
- Your ex-spouse is at least 62 (although they don’t have to be collecting retirement benefits yet).
There is a trade-off
At full retirement age (FRA) — 67 for those born in 1960 or later — your maximum spousal benefit is 50% of your spouse’s primary insurance amount (PIA). PIA is the amount they’re scheduled to receive at FRA. So, if they’re due $3,000 at full retirement age, you’ll be eligible for up to $1,500.
Here’s the rub: You lose a portion of that money if you claim early. Let’s say your full retirement age is 67, but you decide to claim at 64 instead. According to the Social Security Administration (SSA), your benefit would be reduced by 25/36 of 1% for each month before FRA. So, instead of receiving 50% of your spouse’s PIA, you’d receive 37.5%.
Working while receiving Social Security spousal benefits
If you decide to keep working after you file your claim but before reaching FRA, an earnings test can temporarily withhold part of your spousal benefit. As of 2026, you can earn $24,480 without any reduction. After that, the SSA withholds $1 in benefits for every $2 earned over the limit.
The year you reach FRA, a higher limit applies. In the months leading up to your birthday, the SSA withholds $1 for every $3 you earn over $65,160. The good news is that when you reach FRA, the SSA recalculates your benefit, adding back the amount previously withheld.
While you absolutely have the right to claim spousal benefits before FRA, it’s a decision that requires a strategy. Before claiming benefits, compare your immediate income needs, health, and long-term financial plan.
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